Results showed significant wrinkle reduction (up to 36%) and improved skin elasticity (up to 19%) in the treatment groups compared to baseline. Histological analysis revealed increased collagen and elastic fibers, with activated fibroblasts and abundant fibers observed ultrastructurally. Immunohistochemistry indicated higher levels of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2). RT-PCR showed increased mRNA levels of IL-1ß, TNF-α, ICAM-1, and connexin 43, but decreased IL-6 levels. No adverse effects were reported, confirming that 830 nm and 633 nm LED phototherapy is an effective and safe method for skin rejuvenation.
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